Shakespeares Macbeth - Deep Darkness Essays -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Deep Darkness      Ã‚   In Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth there is a dark aspect which hangs over most scenes in the play. Let us examine this quality in this essay.    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson states the place of darkness in the action of the play:    It is the phrase "to outrun the pauser, reason [2.3]," which seems to me to describe the action, or motive, of the play as a whole. Macbeth, of course, literally means that his love for Duncan was so strong and so swift that it got ahead of his reason, which would have counseled a pause. But in the same way we have seen his greed and ambition outrun his reason when he committed the murder; and in the same way all of the characters, in the irrational darkness of Scotland's evil hour, are compelled in their action to strive beyond what they can see by reason alone. Even Malcolm and Macduff, as we shall see, are compelled to go beyond reason in the action which destroys Macbeth and ends the play. (106-7)    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the moral darkness into which Macbeth lowers himself:    The main theme of the reversal of values is given out simply and clearly in the first scene - "Fair is foul, and foul is fair"; and with it are associated premonitions of the conflict, disorder and moral darkness into which Macbeth will plunge himself.   (95)    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the "images of night" and their impact on the audience:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call... ...are: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Lamb, Charles. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1811. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Warren, Roger. Shakespeare Survey 30.   N.p.: n.p., 1977. Pp. 177-78. Rpt. in Shakespeare in the Theatre: An Anthology of Criticism. Stanley Wells, ed. England: Oxford University Press, 2000.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Digital Learning Environment Essay

In the statement â€Å"Recently, there were two recent cover stories in Time Magazine: Their conclusion was that children today are different. In fact, based on what we now know from the neurosciences and psychological sciences, what we’re now beginning to understand is that children today are FUNDAMENTALLY different than we are in the way they think, in the way they access, absorb, interpret, process and use information, and in the way they view, interact, and communicate in the modern world because of their experiences with digital technologies. If this is the case, it holds profound implications for all of us personally and professionally.† I truly believe it’s true. I feel that we are surrounded by digital devices that were not there when I was young. There is new technology that comes out every day and eventually I believe that will be on only way of life in everything we do. I do feel that today’s learners have a different way of learning than we did in the past. I feel there are so many different factors that have changed how today children learns, thinking, etc. I believe the main factor is all the new technology that comes out daily. I feel that technology has been taken for granted for many different ways especially in the learning environment. For example, when I was in high school I had to go to the library to check out books to complete a research paper but in today’s world students just type what they are looking for on the computer and the web provides the answer. I feel it has taken away the experience of how to research something. People can learn so much more when they actually have to do the leg work on researching than just sitting on the couch and typing up the question and the computer does the work. I believe that it can show some laziness on the student’s part because it is others that have done the work and not them. The whole digital world has taken away a person’s creativity, personality (their own work), etc. I feel that having hands on and thinking skills expands their thought process and creative process where they utilizing their own thoughts and not anyone else’s. I feel at times that I would utilize the physical act of learning something instead of them researching on computers websites, etc. I also would have them use their own thoughts and try to learn to have an open mind to take in suggestions from other people. I will ensure that I give them the opportunity to learn from their own experiences with the help and guidance from myself and other adults. I feel this will get to use their own knowledge in cases where they don’t have the digital resources due to batteries going dead or don’t have the access.

Engagement The First of Four Steps in the Problem Solving...

Engagement is considered one of the most important parts of working with a client. Coady and Lehmann (2008) consider engagement the first of four steps in the problem solving model of social work. Engagement can begin as early as the first over the phone contact or referral notification with the client. To become aware of the client’s background (ecology and life circumstances) is crucial part of this stage. It is also important for the social worker to become in tune with their own thoughts and beliefs when coming into contact with this client for the first time. After tuning into the client it is key for any social worker to make a client feel welcomed with a sense of warmth, empathy and respect. Too much empathy and warm, however,†¦show more content†¦For some backgrounds, i.e. – Latinos, a social worker may be seen as an expert and not an equal. The ability to gauge a client’s understanding of authority is an important first step in the client-so cial worker relationship. This professional view of the social worker, as opposed to an equal looking to support and assist, can be traced back to Latino values. Becoming familiar with the client’s values is also of the utmost importance in developing a personal and professional relationship. This includes respecting my ability to make my own decisions, a commitment to my progress and the ability to work patiently through conflicting values and views. In addition, a respect and understanding of my background is of paramount. A client would appreciate is working with someone with a similar outlook on life. This similar outlook may be as simple as sharing a similar opinion on fitness or television. The ability to connect on a superficial way will help me be more open to speaking about deep seeded issues. Connecting to the client is, of course, a main part of the engagement phase. Using an empathic tone as Hepworth, Rooney, Dewberry Rooney et al. ( ) described a client’s ability to connect to the social worker. However, I feel as though occasionally this empathy is phony and unjustified. This is especially true for the first few sessions with a client. Even though the social worker may have time to review case notes and history, I do not feel as though using theShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Generalist Social Work Practice1192 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralist Social Work Practice Dating back to the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century two women who impacted the field of social work and its beginning were Jane Addams and Mary Richmond. These two ladies pioneered something that later became one of the most influential evidence based practices that has helped to bring social justice and social support to communities, individuals, and groups. The area of social work later developed the generalist practice model toRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and its applicationRead MoreAction Research in Od3530 Words   |  15 PagesACTION RESEARCH ORG. MIRRORING IN OD Action research is a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a community of practice to improve the way they address issues and solve problems. Action research can also be undertaken by larger organizations or institutions, assisted or guided by professional researchers, with the aim of improving their strategies, practices, and knowledge of the environments within which they practiceRead MoreThe Ten Mastery Expectations Of The Social Cognitive Theory3179 Words   |  13 PagesThe Ten Mastery Expectations of the Social Cognitive Theory Chapter 1. Describe and exemplify the process of triadic reciprocal causality. What is the triadic reciprocal causality process? This is a process that contributes to learning through the cause and effect relationship between behaviors, the environment, and the individual in question. This is arguably one of the more important concepts that should be addressed in the classroom. 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This essay will go over several causes of Pittsburgh’sRead MoreChildhood1618 Words   |  7 Pageslearning goals and educational programmes. Which are:- -Personal, Social and Emotional Development -Communication, Language and Literacy -Creative Development -Physical Development -Problem-solving, Reasoning and Numeracy -Knowledge and Understanding of the World These six areas are equally important; all areas are delivered through planning, child-initiated and adult-led activities. There are four distinct EYFS principles which guide the work of all practitioners. The elements of the principles into practiceRead MoreCase study--- McKinsey Company: Managing Knowledge and Learning2240 Words   |  9 PagesMcKinsey Company was founded in 1926 as the Accounting and Engineering Advisors and it grew rapidly. The case describes the steps taken by McKinsey Company to transform the firm into snowball makers and snowball throwers. 1. 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My Literacy Narrative - 1678 Words

Viola France Composition 1 Brown Mackie College Darla Goodroad, Instructor Paper 1 January 10,2013 I ve loved to read and write ever since I was taught my ABC s for the first time. It s been a huge part of my life in a lot of different aspects. I learned how to read when I was three years old because I went to a daycare where I was the youngest kid and the only one who couldn t read. Reading and writing just stuck with me after that. After I started reading better than my older daycare-mates, school was ready for me to conquer. The school put me with older kids right away and I was in English class with 3rd graders when I was in kindergarten. It helped me out with making friends and I always got along with older kids better†¦show more content†¦When we had our end of the day free time, I would sit with the teacher and another classmate as she taught them to read. Since I loved learning almost anything, I thought all my friends and classmates should too. On my birthday, I brought in my favorite book to read out loud to the class. The book was â€Å"Froggy s First Kissâ₠¬  by Jonathon London, and I was nervous. But, the class thought it was cool and almost everyone read a book to our class by the end of the year. Reading was all right after kindergarten and didn t become really fun again until I got older and started reading historical fiction and non-fiction. I realized that my favorite thing to read was about people and/or events that may or may not have shaped our history. Since I started really enjoying reading historical books, social studies became one of my favorite subjects and helped out in school because I would enjoy almost all of my classes. Higher grades were a result of this too, even though I didn t really like middle school and couldn t wait to go to high school. When I finally took that journalism class, I was really excited to learn the writing style for magazines and newspapers. ESPN is on all the time in my room and I listen to and admire some of the people that host their shows, who are all sports journalists. Having your own talk show seems like an awesome job, like every guy s dream, and that s another reason I took the class. I didn t get to be theShow MoreRelatedLiteracy : My Literacy Narrative1555 Words   |  7 PagesMy Literacy Narrative Literacy impacts everyone’s lives in various ways. Such as, someone and their career, the ability to read literature in general, one’s comprehension of reading and writing, or the ability to write a book. Each person takes his or her own path with literacy and consequently are formed by the sponsors of literacy present in his or her life. Being new to the term or not, sponsors come in various forms and can be positive or negative to someone and his or her literacy. The sponsorsRead MoreMy Literacy Narrative : My Education Narrative Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesMy Literacy Narrative In first grade, I had started reading, or that is what I recall as my first time. My stuttering problem was always there, but I was a â€Å"great reader† according to my teacher Ms. Brown. She was a kind elderly woman, who wanted to see everybody in her class succeed in reading a whole book. Then second grade came at the snap of a finger. There, I wrote my first paragraph full of â€Å"mumbo jumbo†. Even though I wrote my first paragraph in second grade, I did not learn about the writingRead MorePersonal Narrative: My Journey to Literacy Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pageson my journey to literacy was my concern over my brother and sister’s ability to read and write including solving math problems. That did not really motivate not to become literate; I was extremely playful as a child. 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I learned how to readRead MoreMilitary Language: Through My Eyes Literacy Narrative987 Words   |  4 PagesJaron Dowell Professor Benjamin Smith ENGL 1113 20120930 Military Language: Through My Eyes My drill instructor TSgt Huggins proudly stated to my flight of sixty other high school kids from around the U.S., â€Å"Well boys we just got some breaking news from the commander, the state of Texas’s elevation has increased by four inches and it’s your all’s responsibility to right this wrong and the only way to do that is to push, so get on your face and keep pushing till I say stop.† When most peopleRead MoreLiteracy Narrative Growing up in working class family, my mom worked all the time for the living700 Words   |  3 PagesLiteracy Narrative Growing up in working class family, my mom worked all the time for the living of a big family with five kids, and my dad was in re-education camp because of his association with U.S. government before 1975. 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After rereading the material a fewRead MoreHow I Am A Writer Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pageswriting assignments, I have to write everything down on a piece of paper to get my thoughts out and just let my pen flow. I tend to write essays only when I am assigned, but for the most part, I write everyday. I personally like to write about me in particular but mainly I enjoy writing about overcoming different obstacles people face in life or about the future. As a writer, you will have different weaknesses and strengths. My weakness is sometimes when I write, I can go way beyond off subject. I couldRead MorePrinting Press and Its Effects839 Words   |  3 Pageseffects .Through the chapter I found some interesting points connected to literacy. First,the idea of persons in a primary oral culture can entertain some sense of proprietary rights to a poem but with writing resentment at plagia rism begins to develop . We struggle in a copy right world and with removing words from the sound world , print encouraged us to think about mental held possessions as we express ourselves in narrative discourse.Writing is not necessarily the mirror-image and destroyer ofRead MoreThe Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesIn my English 1010 class, I have learned to do a number of things through writing essays. I have written a Literacy Narrative, a Discourse Community Analysis, and a Writing Research essay. Firstly, I have learned to identify how an author’s purpose, audience, genre, and context determine effective writing. The purpose of the literacy narrative was to help me understand myself better as a writer (Jones 1). My teacher was the intended audience of the narrative. The genre of the narrative was non-fiction

Why Franklin Was A Thoroughbred Renaissance Man - 2018 Words

During Benjamin Franklin’s illustrious 84 years of life he achieved success that seems practically unachievable today. Franklin found success in business, going from a teenager traveling colonial America looking for work as a printer, to building his own printing empire. Aside from business, Franklin also had a knack for inventing. He developed products such as the Franklin stove, bifocals, lightning rod, and the glass harmonica. Include the fact that he was also heavily involved in politics, is one of the founding fathers of our nation, and also one of the most intelligent men of all time, and it is easy to see that Benjamin Franklin was a thoroughbred renaissance man. It is one thing to know about the story of Benjamin Franklin, but it is completely different to understand the potential benefits of following his way of life. This essay will focus on the benefits that Franklin’s story could have on the typical college student. College is a time of immense perso nal growth, and what better way to grow than with the guidance from the author of the American dream - Benjamin Franklin. After four short years, students are let out into the real world so it is important to be prepared. That is why it would be wise for college students to follow the life of Benjamin Franklin as presented in his autobiography. Franklin’s work ethic, emphasis on personal growth, and frugality are relevant to college students today, and provide an outline for helping students find success.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Benjamin Franklin: The Embodiment of a Renaissance Man3205 Words   |  13 PagesA man whose name will forever be remembered in not just American, but world history, Benjamin Franklin was the true embodiment of a Renaissance man. His accomplishments benefitted the course of social, political, and scientific progress in many countries, and his influence touched the lives of millions. In America especially, it is common to view him as the great l eader who was forever dedicated to the revolution, or the man who lived and breathed American independence, or perhaps the wisest, most

Father and God for God Shapes Spiritual Leaders - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFather and God for God Shapes Spiritual Leaders. Answer: Description Floyd in his book tried to relate the character of god with something more mortal state that is our own father. By asking his followers to find the heavenly father in him, Jesus tried to represent the role of god as the father. The book represents multiple dimensions of father. Several themes of father are highlighted in this work of McClung out of which the important ones are reflected in this study. The role of a father and god is compared and stated similar (McClung, 2004). The readers can find in the love they have for their children. The children receives every support from them to fulfil the emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical needs. The book also represents the god as the father of every living being and has enough love to share with all of his children. It is just like a mortal father, who loves each one of his children and treats each equally (Dau, 2013). Another theme of the book upholds the friendly nature of father and compares it with god. Human seeks consolation from god. Father, on the other hand provides similar consolation and easily befriend with their children. A father always rectifies his for performing wrong did, which is quite similar to the role of god, from whom human seeks salvation (Keller, 2011). Both god and father plays the role of a teacher where they both corrects their children if they do something wrong. They show their compassion for their children and help their children in getting back to the right course to save them form misfortune (Porteous, 2011). Our father gives his last sweat in the course of making our life comfortable no matter how grownup we are. His passionate care for us is comparable to the one of god as we believe in god and hope for his blessings for living a comfortable life. The book also reflects the negatives of a father that makes it hard for children to compare god with their own father. For instance, the denial of the fatherhood or negligence or even misbehave represented by some leads to the chi ldren affected and to loose faith form their own father. The image they create of their father is something they hate instead of cherishing it. However, these wounded childhood experiences are not the only things that blocks the person from understanding god as their father. A number of people feel mental block as per McClungs word as they do not know god personally. Believing in god and knowing him personally is something different which restrict them from comparing god as father. However, the love of god is unconditional for his children. The only thing he seeks is the truth in his childrens heart, as any father seeks from their children. However, some fathers creates condition for his children to love him. It is solely for the betterment of his children and help them in getting success in their lives (Dau, 2013). Both god and father have different approach in teaching us the rules of our lives and the way for getting success. However, both of them desires to see their children to succeed in their lives. Analysis McClung in his book The Father Heart of God gives light on the heart of the god and compares with the one of our mortal father and vise versa. The almighty has provided us an opportunity to born, grow, and live on the face of earth (Rizzuto, 2011). The nature of god as mentioned in the bible is highlighted with kind, merciful, caring, compassionate, gracious, and powerful. McClung compared these nature or characteristics seen in god with the one of a father. Father also holds the same characteristics, which he reflects with his emotions live love and care for his children. We are provided with the freedom of choice. A choice of responding to his love. We find love from the god in the form of blessing and we seek his assistance with emotional, mental, and spiritual needs (Dau, 2013). We seek salvation for overcoming these distress and address god for showing us the way out of the misery. The reality of life is brought forwarded by the author by comparing the heart of a god and a fathe r. God provides us guidance and instructs us to maintain a proper path for gaining success within the limits of truth. He also protects and saves his fellow children from miserable pain in the world. This is completely similar to the father who always protects his children and saves them from any harm in the world. He also guides them when required and communicates the way of life to the children. McClung portrayed the real world and compared it with the heavenly father for understanding the signification of father through the understanding of god. The god seeks his children to be happy and live a peaceful life while collaborating and cooperating with their brothers and sisters as a father does. He also corrects his children when required that we see in a father. Every failure is a lesson for the children as the god forgives the mistakes and shows him the way to learn from his mistakes. The hope of bringing good this in life keeps motivated and makes them stronger to live a peaceful life. Gods kindness and mercy leads an individual out of the evil path. The god provides the comfort in difficult times (Miller, 2011). This type of comfort is available in the mortal world and the father is the sole provider of that comfort and knowledge. Only the heart of the father is similar to the heart of the god, which provides their children kindness, everlasting love, and forgiveness (McNeal, 2011). The heart of a father and the god seeks to defend their children from harm and loves to protect children. They transmits only the good things into their children. He is like a huge umbrella that provides us shelter and joy. He struggles for providing the happiness of the children that they deserve. The bible reflects god as almighty with all the powers in the world, which he uses in loving and protecting us as out father does. Hence, one should respect his father and god and treat them equally to provide them equal opportunity to grow in the same environment (Lewis, 2011). Ever yone equal in the eyes of god and give the statement of justice with is free from biasness. Father like god treats his children equally and same rule applies for all his children. People in mortal world are often diverted from their path and the god is the one to show the right path. Father is the direct reflection of god and plays the part of gods role in a smaller scale as the society starts from the family (Rizzuto, 2011). Reflection This book helps in understand the meaning of father and god and enabling one to become a father with a golden heart as I inspired me in the process of learning. It taught me the actual nature and duties that a father should follow and reflect the same for his children and family. My understanding form the book enrich my knowledge about the roles and responsibilities a father should carry. The god send us in this world as vulnerable children that needs protection from someone stronger. It is to ensure the bonding of a father and son. It is to enable the child to find god within the father, who plays similar role in protecting his children in the mortal world. It is impossible for god to resolve every problem at the same time, which gave him the idea to create father for carrying out his share pf responsibility. Hence, I think god has created farther with the responsibility to ensure the balance in the society by protecting his family and give it direction. This also helps me in unders tanding the challenges faced by a father being a true representative of the god. It further provides the explanations on the types of hurdles faced during the provision of the poor testimony and the specific actions that describes father as the representative of god. The book also help in understanding the nature of golden heart that is according to me the part presence of god in this mortal world (Rizzuto, 2011). The book contribute in determining the intimacy created with understanding the solution. It created better understanding in me about the true nature of a fathers heart. It cleared my imagination about the role and responsibilities of a father, which helped me relating the heat of a father with the one of the god. It enlightened my heart as it enabled me to understand the special role played by the father that provides me with a solution for differentiating the god and father. I now believe the love is brought into the world through the heart of a father, which helps in pas sing the spirit from generation after generation, as the child becomes a father and passes it to his child who will eventually become a father himself. I now understand the holy blessing does not come into automatically comes into a father but needs to be created. The fatherhood is something that needs to be cherished and learned from the father. It is a transformational process needs to be passed through generation that glorifies the heart making it worthy to be presented and compared with the god. According to me, it provides the pure and true presentation of the heart of the god. A father transforms and glorifies the lives as the Holy Spirit helping it to encounter the sin deeds. References Dau, D. (2013).Touching God: Hopkins and Love. Anthem Press. Keller, T. (2011).The Prodigal God. Penguin Books. Lewis, R. (2011).Raising a modern-day knight: A father's role in guiding his son to authentic manhood. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. McClung, F. (2004).The father heart of God. Harvest House Publishers. McNeal, R. (2011).A work of heart: Understanding how God shapes spiritual leaders(Vol. 60). John Wiley Sons. Miller, R. W. (2011). The Heart of Light: God as Mystery.New Blackfriars,92(1039), 358-376. Porteous, J. (2011).After the heart of God. Lanham, Md.: Taylor Trade Publishing Rizzuto, A. M. (2011).The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. University of Chicago Press.

The Hundred Years War Was A Long, Complicated War With Essays

The Hundred Years War was a long, complicated war with it's roots in political struggles, the want of Kings and the people of their nations to expand territory, and to take territory that they believe is theirs. This war lasted more than a century, from 1337-1453, and was a actually a series of wars broken only temporarily by treaties doomed to fail. The English king controlled much of France, particularly in the fertile South. These lands had come under control of the English when Eleanor of Aquitaine, heiress to the region, married King Henry II of England in the mid-12th century. There was constant bickering along the French-English frontier, and the French kings always had to fear an English invasion from the South. Between Flanders in the North and the English in the South, they were caught in between the two English colonies. The French responded by doing the same to the English. They allied with the Scots in an arrangement that persisted well into the 18th century. Thus the English faced the French from the south and the Scots from the north. The French trap would only work if the French could invade England across the English Channel. Besides, England could support their Flemish allies only if they could send aid across the North Sea, and, moreover, English trade was dependent upon the free flow of naval traffic through the Channel. Consequently, the French continually tried to gain the upper hand at sea, and the English constantly resisted them. Both sides commissioned what would have been pirates if they had not been operating with royal permission to prey upon each other's shipping, and there were frequent naval clashes in those constricted waters. The last son of King Philip IV, the fair, died in 1328, and the direct male line of the Capetians finally ended after almost 350 years. Philip had had a daughter, however. This daughter, Isabelle, had married King Edward II of England, but her and a group of barons had murdered him, because they thought he was incompetent. So, Edward III their son was declared king of England. He was therefore Philip's grandson and successor in a direct line through Philip's daughter. The French could not tolerate the idea that Edward might become King of France, and French lawyers brought up some old Salic Laws, which stated that property, including the throne, could not descend through a female. The French then gave the crown to Philip of Valois, a nephew of Philip IV. Nevertheless, Edward III had a valid claim to the throne of France if he wished to pursue it. Although France was the most populous country in Western Europe and also the wealthiest, England had a strong central government, many veterans of hard fighting on England's Welsh and Scottish borders, as well as in Ireland, a thriving economy, and a popular king. Edward was disposed to fight France, and his subjects were more than ready to support their young king who was only 18 years old at the time . Also many went to "loot and pillage the fair and plenteous land of France."1 The war truly started in 1340. The French had assembled a great fleet to support an army with which they intended to crush all resistance in Flanders. When the ships had anchored in a dense pack at Sluys in modern Netherlands, the English attacked and destroyed it with fire ships and victory in a battle fought across the anchored ships, almost like a land battle on a wooden battlefield. The English now had control of the Channel and North Sea. They were safe from French invasion, could attack France at will, and could expect that the war would be fought on French soil and thus at French expense. "A three year truce was signed by England and France in 1343, but in 1345 Edward again invaded northern France1." The Black Death had arrived, and his army was weakened by sickness. As the English force tried to make its way safely to fortified Channel port, the French attempted to force them into a battle. The English were finally pinned against the coast by a much superior French army at a place called Crecy. Edward's army was a combined force: archers, pikemen, light infantry, and cavalry; the French, by contrast, clung to their old-fashioned feudal cavalry and used the powerful, but slow firing crossbow. The English had archers using the longbow, a weapon with great penetrating power that could sometimes kill armored knights, and often the horses on which they rode. Also, the longbow could fire three of its arrows to the crossbow's one